{"id":12194,"date":"2021-08-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-22T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libinst.detail-digital.ch\/denkanstoesse\/reguler-les-gafa\/"},"modified":"2021-08-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T22:00:00","slug":"reguler-les-gafa","status":"publish","type":"denkanstoesse","link":"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/fr\/publications\/reguler-les-gafa\/","title":{"rendered":"Faut-il r\u00e9guler les grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"first\"><span class=\"first-letter\">C<\/span>e briefing s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse au r\u00f4le des GAFA (Google, Apple, Facebook et Amazon) et aux nombreuses pol\u00e9miques auxquelles ils font face. Leur statut de cible est renforc\u00e9 par l&rsquo;usage d\u00e9sormais g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9 de l&rsquo;acronyme \u00abGAFA\u00bb. Ce terme dont il est difficile de tracer l&rsquo;origine a fourni un qualificatif pratique et facilement m\u00e9morisable pour la presse, mais a durablement clou\u00e9 au pilori quatre entreprises choisies sans respecter aucun crit\u00e8re objectif. La mollesse d&rsquo;une telle d\u00e9finition n&rsquo;est pas anecdotique, car elle fait \u00e9cho au caract\u00e8re n\u00e9buleux des accusations dont les GAFA sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la cible.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Parmi les reproches adress\u00e9s aux GAFA, les plus connus sont 1) possession d&rsquo;une position dominante sur leurs march\u00e9s respectifs 2) un usage douteux sur le plan \u00e9thique de nos donn\u00e9es personnelles 3) une volont\u00e9 d&rsquo;\u00e9chapper \u00e0 la fiscalit\u00e9 4) la mise en danger de la presse par la r\u00e9volution du march\u00e9 publicitaire. La vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des critiques, leur manque chronique de base factuelle, la diversit\u00e9 des sources dont elles \u00e9manent, laissent entrevoir un certain esprit \u00abde meute\u00bb et une volont\u00e9 de canaliser la vindicte publique en direction de cibles bien commodes. Ajoutons que dans un contexte de finances publiques hors de contr\u00f4le dans de nombreux pays occidentaux, le succ\u00e8s financier des grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques aiguise les app\u00e9tits fiscaux des gouvernements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Nous verrons que si des probl\u00e8mes existent, ils ne doivent pas occulter deux faits majeurs\u00a0: ce ne sont que des externalit\u00e9s qui accompagnent des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices technologiques que nous tenons trop facilement pour acquis, et deuxi\u00e8mement le pouvoir des grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques cesserait d&rsquo;exister d\u00e8s lors que les consommateurs cesseraient de consacrer du temps et\/ou de l&rsquo;argent \u00e0 ces plateformes. Les GAFA n&rsquo;ont pas d&rsquo;arm\u00e9e, pas de territoire, pas de pouvoir de contrainte l\u00e9gale, et m\u00eame pas de pouvoir de censure totalement incontournable du discours ou des contenus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/publications\/IL-Schweitzer-GAFA.pdf\" rel=\"external\">Lire le briefing<\/a><br \/>\n(15 pages, PDF)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9293,"template":"","tag":[185,181,167],"class_list":["post-12194","denkanstoesse","type-denkanstoesse","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tags-droits-de-propriete","tags-regulation","tags-science-et-innovation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Faut-il r\u00e9guler les grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques\u00a0? - Institut Lib\u00e9ral<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/fr\/publications\/reguler-les-gafa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Faut-il r\u00e9guler les grandes plateformes num\u00e9riques\u00a0? - Institut Lib\u00e9ral\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce briefing s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse au r\u00f4le des GAFA (Google, Apple, Facebook et Amazon) et aux nombreuses pol\u00e9miques auxquelles ils font face. 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