{"id":11562,"date":"2019-01-23T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libinst.detail-digital.ch\/news\/hommage-a-anthony-de-jasay-1925-2019\/"},"modified":"2019-01-23T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T23:00:00","slug":"hommage-a-anthony-de-jasay-1925-2019","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/fr\/actualites\/hommage-a-anthony-de-jasay-1925-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"En hommage \u00e0 Anthony de Jasay (1925-2019)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00abPour bien comprendre la notion d’\u00c9tat, il convient d’envisager d’abord un cadre o\u00f9 celui-ci est absent.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Anthony de Jasay<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Anthony de Jasay na\u00eet en 1925 \u00e0 Aba, un petit village hongrois pr\u00e8s de Szekesfehervar. Apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes en agriculture \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Budapest, il fuit le pays en 1948 pour l’Autriche \u00e0 l’arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir des communistes. Il s’\u00e9tablit d’abord dans l’\u00c9tat du Burgenland, puis dans la r\u00e9gion de Salzbourg, et vit modestement de travaux occasionnels. En 1950, il parvient \u00e0 \u00e9migrer en Australie, \u00e0 Perth. Il \u00e9tudie les sciences \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 d’Australie-Occidentale et obtient une bourse qui lui ouvre les portes de l’Universit\u00e9 d’Oxford d\u00e8s 1955.<\/p>\n

La clart\u00e9 de sa pens\u00e9e et de son expression lui permet d’\u00eatre nomm\u00e9 charg\u00e9 de recherche au Nuffield College et ainsi de lui garantir une position de recherche durant les sept ann\u00e9es suivantes. Il produit une longue s\u00e9rie de travaux qui seront publi\u00e9s dans les meilleurs journaux acad\u00e9miques. Insatisfait pat le climat plut\u00f4t conservateur d’Oxford, il interrompt sa carri\u00e8re universitaire pour se lancer dans la finance. Il entre dans une banque d’investissement \u00e0 Paris, puis se met \u00e0 son compte. Son succ\u00e8s est tel qu’\u00e0 partir de 1979 il prend sa retraite en Normandie o\u00f9 il vivra durant 40 ans comme homme de lettres avec sa femme Isabelle jusqu’\u00e0 son d\u00e9c\u00e8s le 23 janvier 2019. Il se consacre presque exclusivement aux questions de philosophie sociale et politique, malgr\u00e9 des troubles de la vue qui le rendront presque enti\u00e8rement aveugle les dix derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de sa vie.<\/p>\n

Sur la base d’une solide th\u00e9orie du savoir, Anthony de Jasay tente de reformuler le lib\u00e9ralisme politique et \u00e9conomique. Pour lui, l’individu est en principe libre de son action, si ce n’est pour des exceptions bien fond\u00e9es. Selon Jasay, le syst\u00e8me social se fonde sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, les relations contractuelles volontaires, la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle et la r\u00e9putation personnelle bas\u00e9e sur la confiance mutuelle. Avec sa logique tranchante, il rejette les erreurs de raisonnement des philosophies politiques qui consid\u00e8rent l’\u00c9tat comme une instance omnisciente et n\u00e9cessaire pour mettre en \u0153uvre un vague \u00abint\u00e9r\u00eat public\u00bb, une \u00abjustice sociale\u00bb mal d\u00e9finie ou de pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s \u00abbesoins justifiables\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 une maladie qui a de plus en plus limit\u00e9 sa capacit\u00e9 de travail, Anthony de Jasay nous l\u00e8gue d’innombrables essais et surtout une douzaine d’ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. La plupart de ses livres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 traduits en langues \u00e9trang\u00e8res. Parmi les plus importants, nous pouvons citer \u00abThe State\u00bb (1985, traduit en fran\u00e7ais sous le titre \u00abL’\u00c9tat: la logique du pouvoir politique\u00bb aux Belles Lettres en 1994), \u00abChoice, Contract, Consent\u00bb (1991), \u00abAgaint Politicics\u00bb (1997), \u00abJustice and Surroundings\u00bb (2002) ou \u00abPolitical Economy, Precisely. Essays on Policy that Does not Work, and Market that Do\u00bb (2009).<\/p>\n

Bien qu’il ait \u00e9t\u00e9 fr\u00e9quemment ignor\u00e9 par les milieux acad\u00e9miques internationaux, Anthony de Jasay appartient aux penseurs les plus innovants, int\u00e9ressants et cons\u00e9quents. Il appartient \u00e0 ce petit groupe de grands philosophes qui ne se citent pas eux-m\u00eames ou ne reprennent les m\u00eames id\u00e9es dans de nouveaux textes. La coh\u00e9rence interne de ses id\u00e9es, leur logique \u00e9vidente, leur valeur scientifique, ainsi que la clart\u00e9 de son expression sont rest\u00e9es in\u00e9gal\u00e9es. L’\u00e9l\u00e9gance d’Anthony de Jasay, son charme et son fin humour sont partout reconnus. Dans la mesure o\u00f9 l’humanit\u00e9 le permet, personne ne s’est jamais autant approch\u00e9 de l’id\u00e9al du \u00abgentleman\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Kurt R. Leube<\/em><\/p>\n

Pour en savoir plus sur l’\u0153uvre d’Anthony de Jasay :
\nSite web d’Anthony de Jasay<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":9629,"template":"","tag":[1295,592,187],"class_list":["post-11562","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tags-anthony-de-jasay","tags-liberte","tags-penseurs-et-classiques-liberaux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEn hommage \u00e0 Anthony de Jasay (1925-2019) - Institut Lib\u00e9ral<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.libinst.ch\/fr\/actualites\/hommage-a-anthony-de-jasay-1925-2019\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En hommage \u00e0 Anthony de Jasay (1925-2019) - Institut Lib\u00e9ral\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le lib\u00e9ralisme classique a perdu un grand penseur. 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